Dandruff Cause: What’s Really Behind the Flakes (and How to Fix It)

If you’ve ever searched for a dandruff cause online, you’ve probably seen answers like “dry scalp,” “stress,” or “poor hygiene.” And while those can play a role, they’re usually just part of the picture — or completely misunderstood.

The real cause of dandruff isn’t just about flakes. It’s also about what’s happening beneath the surface of your scalp. Let’s break it down.

The 3 Root Causes of Dandruff

Most cases of dandruff come from a combination of the following three issues. The severity and type of flakes you have often depends on which one is driving your symptoms most.

1. Microbial Imbalance (Malassezia Overgrowth)

Your scalp is home to a community of microorganisms — mostly harmless. But one yeast called Malassezia restricta can cause problems when it grows out of control. It feeds on scalp oils (sebum) and creates byproducts that irritate the skin, leading to inflammation and flaking.

This is the most common underlying cause of dandruff, especially if you have:

• Greasy or waxy flakes
• Yellow flakes
• Flakes that come back after washing
• Flaking concentrated on oily areas (scalp, brows, behind ears)

Wondering what yellow dandruff means and how to treat it at the root? Here's a review.

2. Skin Barrier Dysfunction

Your scalp has a protective outer layer called the stratum corneum. When it’s damaged — from overwashing, harsh products, or even diet — it can’t retain moisture or fend off irritants effectively. The result? Dry, itchy, fragile skin that sheds prematurely.

3. Inflammation from Internal or Environmental Triggers

Stress, pollution, poor sleep, allergens, and even blood sugar spikes can all make your scalp more sensitive and reactive. Inflammation ramps up skin turnover, which causes flaking and sensitivity, even if your scalp was previously healthy.

So What Actually Causes Dandruff?

👉 It’s not just one thing. It’s a chain reaction:

Trigger → imbalance → inflammation → flaking

That’s why quick fixes (like switching shampoos every week) rarely solve the problem long-term — because they treat the symptoms, not the cause.

Final Thoughts

If you’re tired of guessing what’s causing your dandruff, know this:

• It’s not about “dirty hair.”
• It’s not just “dry skin.”
• And it’s not something you have to live with.

Understanding the true cause of dandruff is the first step toward actually fixing it — for good.